Computer Fundamental
1. 1. What
is computer?
Ans. The word computer
comes from the word “compute” which means to calculate.
A computer is an
electronic device that accepts information, process, stores and output data at
high speed.
Ø FULL FORM OF COMPUTER.
C-Common
O-Operating
M-Machine
P-Particular
U-Used for
T-Technical
E-Education &
R-Research
2. 2. What
is history and generation of computer?
Ans. History
of computer.
The computer as we
know it today had its beginning with a 19th century Mathematics
professor Charles Babbage.
He designed the
Analytical Engine and it was designed that the basic framework of the computers
of today are based on.
Generally speaking,
computers can be classified into 5th generations.
Each generation, a
new and improved computer or an improvement to the existing computer.
1. First generation of computer
(1942 to 1955):
I.
They used thousands
of vacuum tubes.
II.
Storage capacity
was limited (1kb to 4kb).
III.
Slow processing
(millisecond).
IV.
Machine Language
Only
V.
Very Costly
VI.
Generated lot of
heat
VII.
Slow input and
Output Device
2.
Second
generation of computer(1955 to 1964):
I.
Transistors were
used.
II.
Processing speed
was faster.
III.
They Were much
smaller than a tube
IV.
Input and output
device were faster.
3.
Third
generation of computer(1964 to 1975):
I.
ICs were used in
place of transistor.
II.
Processing speed is
faster than second generation.
III.
Minicomputers were
in produced during this generation.
IV.
Storage capacity is
measured in mega byte.
4.
Fourth
generation of computer (1975 to 1989):
I.
VLSI and micro
processor are used.
II.
Processing speed is
very high giga bytes.
III.
Very smaller size.
IV.
Input and output
devices were versatile.
5.
Fifth
generation of computer (1989 to present):
I.
Intelligent and
fast processing.
II.
Easy human computing.
III.
Very smaller in
size.
IV.
They have
artificial intelligence.
3. 3. How
many types of computer?
Ans. Classification of
computers
Basically computer
can be classified into two main types
On
the basis of working.
Analog computer.
Digital computer.
Analog computer:-
analog computers solve problems by constantly changing data. Computers which
tell us the temperature, pressure, voltage are analog computers.
Digital computer: -
digital computer compute using binary digit (0,1). They recognize the ‘On’ and
‘Off’ stage. They are easier to maintain and store data than the analog
computer.
On the basis of
size.
1.
Personal computer.
2.
Mainframe computer.
3.
Super computer.
4.
Minicomputer.
5.
Workstation.
6.
Micro computer.
a.
Desktop computer.
b.
Laptop computer.
c.
Palmtop computer.
4. 4. What
are characteristics of computer?
Ans. The characteristics
of computer are:
1.
Efficiency: The computer processed data in nanosecond which is
beyond of human capacity.
2.
Speed: It is with very high processing speed. The computer
can process more than 50 million instructions in one second. Now a day, very
high speed computers are available with I3, I5, I7 microprocessor chips.
3.
Storage
capacity: It can stores vast amount of
information in the form of books, graphics, charts, animation, audio, video
etc. Now a day, the hard disk of 1024 GB is common, and hard disk of more than
1 TB is also available in market.
4.
Versatility: Versatile means ability to perform various tasks. A
computer can process any kind of data. It has capacity of multitasking.
5. 5. What are the uses of computer in different fields?
Ans. Now a days, the uses of computer different fields?
Ø Personal use.
Ø School & College Students.
Ø Entertainment
Ø Designing
Ø Satellites & Networking
Ø Research center
Ø Hospitals
Ø Bank & other offices
Ø National & multinational companies
Ø Robotics
6. 6. What is hardware?
Ans. Hardware is the physical parts of a computer system which you can see or touch.
Example: keyboard, mouse, monitor, hard disk drive,
microprocessor etc.
7. 7. What is software?
Ans. Software is the programs that run a computer system which you can’t touch only see. Software works with hardware.
Example: ms paint, ms office, Photoshop, tally etc.
8. 8. What is input?
Ans. This is process of entering data or instruction into the computer.
9. 9. What is input device?
Ans. Input device is any hardware parts that allow a user to enter data or instruction into a computer.
Example: keyboard, mouse, scanner, web came,
touchpad, touch screen, bar code reader etc.
10. What is output?
Ans. This is the process of producing result from the computer.
11. What is output device?
Ans. An output device is any hardware parts used to send data from a computer to another device.
Example:
Monitor printer, speaker, plotter, projectors, headphone etc.
12. What is keyboard?
Ans. A keyboard is an input device that allows a user to input text into a computer..
13. How many types of keys in keyboard?
Ans. Types of keys of the board
Alphabet keys= A, B,…Z
Number keys=0, 1, 2,……9
Function keys= F1, F2,……..F12
Special keys= ctrl, alt, del, tab, caps lock, shift
etc
14. What is the function of keys in keyboard?
Ans. Function of keys
o Caps lock: it is used to make the alphabets capital or small
letters. When pressed on it gives capital alphabets and when it is off it gives
small alphabets.
o Esc: it is used to cancel some programs.
o Shift key: it is used to display capital and small alphabets
by holding shift.
o Tab: it is used to give long space between two character or word.
o Space bar: it is used to give space between two character or
word.
o Back space: it is used to remove character at the back of the
cursor.
o Delete: it is used to remove character at the right of the
cursor.
o End: it is used to move the cursor at the end of the line.
o Home: it is used to move the cursor at the end of the line.
o Page up: it is used to move the cursor one page up.
o Page down: it is used to move the cursor one page down.
o Num lock: it is used to lock and unlock the numeric pad.
o Arrows: there are 4 arrow keys.
o Left arrow: it is used to move the cursor one character left.
o Right arrow: it is used to move the cursor one character right.
o Up arrow: it is used to move the one line up.
o Down arrow: it is used to move the one line down.
o Alt, ctrl: it is used to special purpose only. It is also used
to create various shortcut keys.
15. How many types of keyboard?
Ans. There are different types of keyboards available according to the varying needs of the user.
Wired keyboard: the PS/2 and USB are the two wired connections that
connect the keyboards to your desktop computer.
Wireless keyboard: the wireless keyboards are not connected to your
computer by any cables.
Multimedia keyboard: the multimedia keyboards are designed for playing
audio, video and volume control, play, stop, and mute operations.
16. What is mouse?
Ans. A mouse is an input device that controls the movement of the cursor or pointer on a display screen. Mouse is also called pointing device.
17. How many types of mouse?
Ans. There are different types of mouse available according to the varying needs of the user.
Wired mouse
Wireless mouse
Trackball mouse
Optical mouse
Laser mouse
18. What is printer?
Ans. A printer is an output device that prints paper documents. This includes text documents, images, or a combination of both.
19. How many types of printer?
Ans. There are following types of printer.
o Dot - matrix printer
o Daisy- wheel printer
o Line printer
o Drum printer
o Chain printer
o Band printer
o Inkjet printer
o Laser printer
20. What is data?
Ans. Computer data is information processed or stored in a computer. This information may be in the form of text, images, audio, video, and software programs.
21. What is data processing?
Ans. The activity of processing various data using a computer is called data processing.
Data processing consists of three sub activities.
Capturing input data, manipulating data and managing o utput results.
22. What is memory?
Ans. Memory is any hardware parts which used to stores data temporarily or permanently.
23. What is memory unit?
Memory unit is the amount of data that can be stored
in the storage unit.
The storage capacity is expressed in terms of bytes.
24. How many types of memory?
Ans. There are two types of memory.
o Primary memory
o Secondary memory
25. What is primary memory?
Ans. Primary memory is also known as primary storage device that is accessed directly by the CPU.
26. How many types of primary memory?
Ans. There are 2 types of primary memory.
Ram (random access memory)
Rom (read only memory)
27. What is RAM?
Ans. RAM stands for random access memory. Initially every task is stored in RAM & then executed or stored in hard disk. It is volatile. It stores data temporarily. So no data remain when the power is switched off.
28. What is ROM?
Ans. ROM stands for read only memory. It is programming chip, where all the system information are recorded & can’t be changed. It is non volatile memory.
29. What is secondary memory?
Ans. This memory stores programs files or data permanently. It is non volatile memory.
30. How many types of secondary memory?
Ans. There are different types of secondary memory.
They are hard disk drive,
floppy disk, pen drive, CD/DVD etc.
31. What is SMPS?
Ans. SMPS
stands for Switch Mode Power Supply. It supplies power supply to every single
part of the computer system. The main function is to convert 230 volts AC into
3.3V, 5V, 12 V DC power supply
32. How to starts computer?
Ans. o Switch on the electric (AC) power supply.
o Switch on the UPS.
o Turn on the power switch of the CPU.
o Turn on the power switch of the monitor.
ü Just wait few minutes when computer display windows
environment.
33. How to shutdown computer?
Ans. Save & close all files and programs.
Click on start menu.
Click on shut down.
Just wait few minutes, your computer will be shut
down.
34. What is desktop?
Ans. It is background area of windows on which icon, menu and dialog box appear.
35. What is start button?
Ans. Starts button appears in the lower left corner of the screen. When you click the start button, you will see a menu, which contains everything you need to begin using windows.
36. What is icon?
Ans. Icon is the graphical representation of the computer. A small picture that represents a file, program, browser etc. Icons help you open file or program quickly.
37. What is taskbar?
Ans. Taskbar appears at the bottom of the screen. It contains a button for each open window on the desktop.
38. How to set desktop background?
Ans. Right click on desktop.
Click on personalize.
Click on desktop background.
Select any background image.
Click on save changes.
Close window.
39. How to set screen saver?
Ans. Right click on desktop.
Click on personalize.
Click on screen saver.
Select any screen saver.
Click on apply.
Click on ok.
40. How to set date & time?
Ans. Click on right corner of the taskbar.
Click on change date & time setting.
Click on change date & time.
Set correct date & time.
Click on ok.
Again, click on ok.
41. How to hide/ show taskbar?
Ans. Hide
Right click on taskbar.
Click on properties.
Check auto hide the taskbar.
Click on apply.
Click on ok
Show
Right click on taskbar.
Click on properties.
Uncheck auto hide the taskbar.
Click on apply.
Click on ok
42. How to create new folder?
Ans. Right click on desktop.
Click on new.
Click on new folder.
Shortcut key:
Ctrl+shift+N
43. How to create subfolder?
Ans. Open folder.
Click on new folder.
44. How to change folder name?
Ans. Right click on folder
Click on rename.
Type any name which you want.
Press enter button.
45. How to delete folder?
Ans. Right click on folder.
Click on delete.
Click on yes.
46. How to delete folder permanently?
Ans. Press shift key & right click on folder.
Click on delete.
Click on yes.
47. How to restore deleted folder?
Ans. Open recycle bin.
Right click on your folder which restore.
Click on restore.
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